The president was elected for a seven-year term and was both chief executive and head of state. The premier, the designated head of government, was appointed by the president and assisted by a cabinet. The 19 August constitution of the Third Republic provides for a head of state, the president, who is elected by universal suffrage to serve a five-year term. The president chooses a prime minister from a list of candidates nominated by the national assembly.
The prime minister appoints the Council of Ministers. The constitution provides for a two-chamber legislature—a member national assembly and a senate. Members of the national assembly are elected by universal suffrage—82 by single-member and 34 by two-member constituencies—to serve four-year terms. Andry Rajoelina was inaugurated as president on March 21, The SADC summit of heads of state imposed diplomatic sanctions suspension of membership against the government of Madagascar on March 30, Two protesters were killed by government police in Antananarivo on April 20, President Andry Rajoelina abandoned the power-sharing agreement on December 21, The AU imposed economic sanctions visa bans and assets freeze against President Andry Rajoelina and other individuals on March 17, The Council of the EU imposed economic sanctions suspension of direct development assistance against the government of Madagascar on June 7, On August 28, , former President Marc Ravalomanana was convicted of ordering the killing of opposition protesters in February , and he was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labor.
On September 2, , the South African government condemned the government of Madagascar for the conviction against former President Marc Ravaomanana.
A new constitution was approved by 74 percent of the voters in a referendum held on November 17, The referendum was boycotted by several political parties. Colonel Charles Andrianasoavina led an unsuccessful military coup against the government on November , The new constitution, which established the Fourth Republic of Madagascar, was promulgated on December 11, Omer Beriziky was appointed as prime minster on October 28, Three individuals, including Colonel Koto Mainty, were killed in a military mutiny in Antananarivo on July 22, The AU lifted economic sanctions travel ban and assets freeze against President Andry Rajoelina and several other individuals associated with the president on September 5, Former Finance Minister Hery Rajaonarimampianina was elected president with 54 percent of the vote in the second round of presidential elections held on December 20, Legislative elections were held on December 20, , and the Party of Andry Rajoelina won 49 out of seats in the National Assembly.
The Ravalomanana Movement won 20 seats in the National Assembly. The AU sent seven long-term observers and 50 short-term observers to monitor the presidential and legislative elections from September 24 to November 9, The EU sent nine election experts, 44 long-term observers, and 50 short-term observers from 26 countries headed by Maria Muniz de Urquiza to monitor the presidential and legislative elections beginning on September 25, The SADC sent observers from 12 countries headed by Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah from Namibia to monitor the presidential and legislative elections beginning on October 21, The Chinese government sent four observers to monitor the presidential and legislative elections from December 17 to December 22, The Atlanta-based non-governmental organization The Carter Center sent three election experts and six long-term observers to monitor the presidential and legislative elections beginning on October 22, Hery Rajaonarimampianina was inaugurated as president on January 25, One individual was killed in a grenade blast in Antananarivo on January 25, Post-Crisis Phase January 26, present : The AU lifted diplomatic sanctions suspension of membership against the government of Madagascar on January 27, The SADC summit of heads of state lifted diplomatic sanctions suspension of membership against the government of Madagascar on January 30, The IMF, which had suspended ties with the government of Madagascar following the military coup in March , restored ties with the government on March 13, The EU lifted economic sanctions suspension of direct development assistance against the government of Madagascar on May 19, Allen, Philip M.
Madagascar: Conflicts of Authority in the Great Island. Brown, Mervyn. Hamden, CT: Archon Books. Gow, Bonar A. Kohnert, Dirk. Thompson, Virginia and Richard Adloff.
The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar Today. UCA dedicates itself to academic vitality, integrity, and diversity. Two-thirds of its members are chosen by an Electoral College and the remaining one-third are chosen by the president. Envisioned elections for had not been held as of June The National Assembly consists of deputies elected by universal suffrage using a proportional representation list-system.
Both senators and deputies serve for four years. The June 16, elections resulted in about half the deputies elected being members of the Forces Vives. The remainder belonged to six parties of which the largest had fifteen deputies and the smallest nine deputies.
The parliament as a whole operates with a variety of classic parliamentary measures, such as a vote of no confidence, that enable it to serve as a check on the power of the executive. According to the decentralization law adopted by the National Assembly in March , twenty-eight regions faritra , more than departments fileovana , and a little less than 1, communes faribohitra have been created.
Certain urban communes, such as the cities of Antananarivo, Nosy-Be, and Sainte Marie will function as departments. The President represents national unity and is the most powerful official in the country.
Also, the President is in charge of foreign policy. The President is allowed a maximum of two terms. The national assembly nominates a Prime Minister from one of their own, and the president approves the nomination. Subsequently, the Prime Minister recommends cabinet ministers to the President who approves the nominees.
The President and the Prime Minister work in close collaboration with the President being Chief of State and the Prime Minister being the head of the government. Madagascar allows for a bicameral parliament made of the National Assembly and Senate. The National Assembly consists of representatives elected from single-member and two-member constituencies. The representatives are elected for four-year terms.
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