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Today there are probably more than twenty thousand computers in use within the United States, and correspondingly large numbers are installed in many other countries around the world.

IBM's computers helped businesses both manage and produce massive amounts of data, thereby assuring that ever more powerful machines would be needed to keep up with both sides of the information problem. Without really trying to, IBM-compatible comes to mean "every personal computer not produced by Apple. The corporation that was famous for business machines set out to become "a world-class services company.

Kasparov resigned after 19 moves. The company makes tens of billions of dollars selling services -- not machines -- to businesses. The company celebrates by passing Microsoft's market value for the first time in 15 years and watching the Watson computing platform destroy the human competition in Jeopardy.

Even Kasparov had to laud IBM's team for the win. We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters theatlantic. Skip to content. Sign in My Account Subscribe. The Atlantic Crossword. The Print Edition. Latest Issue Past Issues. Only through November Try subscriber newsletters for free. Link Copied. Class A Report continues to keep its contract with America, one in which they inhale the most talented software engineers and we receive a mind-bending alternative reality where loudmouths, foreign operatives and trolls have the same credibility as trained journalists.

These are the current companies of the future. But 50 years ago, before Apple started in its garage and Mark Zuckerberg hadn't even been born, another company owned the tech space. And they earned that reputation. Then they were called the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. Instead it was formed by the merger of three companies that had existed since the late s: the Computing Scale Company, the Tabulating Machine Company, and the Time Recording Company.

The newly merged firm was based in New York City with about 1, total employees. By comparison, today IBM employs around , people. In these early years the C-T-R Company focused on products such as accounting and calculating machines, time recorders for businesses and mechanical punch card systems.

It focused on standard office products rather than being the invention-driven company it later became. In the s and s IBM began its growth into a household name. It launched the public address system used by schools, which quickly became a staple in the American classroom. And in it invented the first calculator that could directly subtract. In the company developed the first completely electronic computing machine, the Vacuum Tube Multiplier.

This was the first device that we would recognize as a modern computer. It filled a small room, at 50 feet long and eight feet tall, and performed electromechanical calculations automatically.

The U. Navy used the Mark I to calculate gun trajectories on its ships. Over the course of the s and s, IBM invented many of the core technologies that allowed computers to become staples of the business world.



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